---
title: "Email Authentication and Cyber Insurance: How Underwriters Are Pricing DMARC in 2026 Why Your Authentication Posture Is Now a Line Item on Your Insurance Application | AutoSPF"
description: "How underwriters are pricing DMARC in 2026. Cyber insurance is a $15 billion market with a $0.9 trillion protection gap, and email authentication is now a line item on insurance applications."
image: "https://autospf.com/og/blog/email-authentication-cyber-insurance-dmarc-pricing-underwriters-2026-insurance-applications.png"
canonical: "https://autospf.com/blog/email-authentication-cyber-insurance-dmarc-pricing-underwriters-2026-insurance-applications/"
---

Quick Answer

Most CFOs think of cyber insurance as a mature, well-understood product. The reality is more nuanced. The Geneva Association’s December 2024 analysis documents that global cyber insurance premiums grew from under $1.5 billion in 2013 to approximately $15 billion in 2023, impressive compound growth, but still less than 1% of the total property and casualty insurance market.

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![Email Authentication and Cyber Insurance](https://media.mailhop.org/autospf/images/2026/05/spf-lookup-6422.jpg) 

## TL;DR

- **Cyber insurance is a $15 billion market, but 99%+ of economic losses are uninsured.** The implied cyber protection gap exceeds $0.9 trillion globally ([Geneva Association](https://www.genevaassociation.org/sites/default/files/2024-12/cyber%5Fils%5Freport%5F1213.pdf)). Only 10% of SMEs carry coverage, compared to 80% of large enterprises ([IST](https://securityandtechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Enhancing-Cyber-Resilience-Through-Insurance.pdf)).
- **BEC and social engineering are approximately 50% of all cyber claims** at Travelers over the past five years, with FBI-documented losses exceeding $50 billion over the past decade ([Travelers Q2 2025](https://www.corvusinsurance.com/hubfs/Ransomware%5FReports/Q2%5F25%5FTravelers%5FCyber%5FThreat%5FReport.pdf)).
- **The average funds-transfer-fraud loss from BEC is $106,000, and 64% of those losses are unrecoverable.** Coalition policyholders achieved full recovery in only 12% of FTF events ([Coalition 2025](https://www.actuarialpost.co.uk/downloads/cat%5F1/Coalition%5F2025-Cyber-Claims-Report.pdf)).
- **Underwriters are explicitly evaluating email authentication as a premium-influencing control.** Gallagher names email authentication alongside MFA, EDR, and backup practices as specific factors in pricing and coverage availability ([Gallagher 2025](https://www.ajg.com/-/media/files/gallagher/us/news-and-insights/2025/2025-cyber-insurance-market-conditions-outlook.pdf)).
- **Rates declined 5% in Q4 2024, the first decrease in seven years, for organizations with strong security controls.** Combined ratios average 70%, showing insurers are profitable and rewarding strong posture ([NAIC 2025](https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2025%5FCybersecurity%5FInsurance%20Report.pdf)).
- **Email authentication pays for itself through insurance savings before it prevents a single breach.** Organizations with security AI and automation saved $2.22 million per breach on average ([IBM 2025](https://www.bakerdonelson.com/webfiles/Publications/20250822%5FCost-of-a-Data-Breach-Report-2025.pdf)).

## 1\. The $15 billion market with a $0.9 trillion gap

Most CFOs think of cyber insurance as a mature, well-understood product. The reality is more nuanced. [The Geneva Association’s December 2024 analysis](https://www.genevaassociation.org/sites/default/files/2024-12/cyber%5Fils%5Freport%5F1213.pdf) documents that global cyber insurance premiums grew from under $1.5 billion in 2013 to approximately $15 billion in 2023, impressive compound growth, but still less than 1% of the total property and casualty insurance market. More critically, the overall **implied cyber protection gap exceeds $0.9 trillion**, meaning more than 99% of total economic losses from cyber events are uninsured.

![The Cyber Insurance Gap: SMEs Left Behind](https://media.mailhop.org/autospf/images/2026/05/spf-validator-1270.jpg) 

[The Institute for Security and Technology’s May 2025 analysis](https://securityandtechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Enhancing-Cyber-Resilience-Through-Insurance.pdf) reveals the distribution gap: **only 10% of SMEs with annual revenues under $100 million carry cyber insurance, compared to approximately 80% of companies with revenues over $10 billion**. For the vast majority of organizations, particularly the mid-market and SMB segments that [AutoSPF](/) serves, cyber insurance remains either unavailable, unaffordable, or unobtained.

The market cycle matters. [The NAIC’s 2025 report](https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2025%5FCybersecurity%5FInsurance%20Report.pdf) documents that US cyber insurance rates declined an average of 5% in Q4 2024, the first quarterly decrease following seven years of rising rates. Underwriting profitability remains robust, with combined ratios averaging 70%. The rate decline was not random; it was specifically available to ‘companies that continued to invest in their cybersecurity controls, which is looked upon favorably by underwriters.’

> _“The implied cyber protection gap exceeds $0.9 trillion, meaning more than 99% of total economic losses from cyber events remain uninsured globally.”_  
> , Geneva Association, Cyber ILS Report (December 2024, PDF)

**What it means:** The cyber insurance market is simultaneously growing rapidly and barely covering the actual risk surface. For organizations evaluating email authentication, this creates a dual argument: authentication reduces breach probability (the security case) AND **authentication improves insurability**, enabling better coverage terms, lower premiums, and access to policies that might otherwise be unavailable. For the 90% of SMEs without cyber insurance, strong email authentication posture may be the differentiator that makes a **policy obtainable**.

## 2\. Why BEC is the insurance industry’s biggest email problem

![BEC: 50% of All Cyber Claims](https://media.mailhop.org/autospf/images/2026/05/spf-record-check-7890.jpg) 

Inside the actuarial models, not all [cyber threats](https://cyberscoop.com/legislation-would-designate-critical-cyber-threat-actors-direct-sanctions-against-them/) are created equal. Email-delivered threats, particularly Business Email Compromise, dominate the claims landscape to a degree that most IT leaders don’t realize.

[Travelers’ Q2 2025 Cyber Threat Report](https://www.corvusinsurance.com/hubfs/Ransomware%5FReports/Q2%5F25%5FTravelers%5FCyber%5FThreat%5FReport.pdf) states the number plainly: **BEC and social engineering fraud represented nearly half, approximately 50%, of all cyber claims filed with Travelers over the past five years**. The FBI documented $2.7 billion in BEC losses in 2024 alone across more than 20,000 incidents. Over the past decade, global reported losses from BEC have exceeded $50 billion. These are not theoretical exposure estimates; they are documented carrier claims and government loss reports.

[Coalition’s 2025 Cyber Claims Report](https://www.actuarialpost.co.uk/downloads/cat%5F1/Coalition%5F2025-Cyber-Claims-Report.pdf) provides the per-incident economics: across all BEC events in 2024, **29% resulted in a funds transfer fraud (FTF) event with an average loss of $106,000**. Recovery outcomes are grim: Coalition policyholders made a partial recovery in 24% of FTF events and a full recovery in only 12%, meaning **64% of funds-transfer-fraud losses were entirely unrecoverable**. In the back half of 2024 alone, Coalition was alerted to a single fraudulent transfer of $9.3 million.

[Travelers documents a specific case](https://www.corvusinsurance.com/hubfs/Ransomware%5FReports/Q2%5F25%5FTravelers%5FCyber%5FThreat%5FReport.pdf) where a phishing attack compromised a corporate executive’s email, and the threat actor used spoofed forwarded email threads to trick staff into sending fraudulent wire transfers totaling $200,000, authorized via emails from the CFO’s compromised account. _The carrier’s recommendations for preventing such claims include ‘phishing-resistant MFA for all remote access and email’ alongside endpoint detection and response, controls that complement, but do not replace, email authentication._

[HHS Cybersecurity adds the human-factors dimension](https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/business-email-compromise-healthcare-tlpclear.pdf) that underwriters increasingly incorporate into risk models: BEC ‘does not rely solely on **technical vulnerabilities**, but exploits the human tendency to trust authority, act impulsively, and respond emotionally to urgent requests.’ This is precisely the dimension that [email authentication](/blog/role-relevance-of-dns-spf-records-for-email-authentication/) addresses at the infrastructure level, verifying sender identity before the human ever sees the message.

> _“BEC and social engineering fraud represented nearly half of all cyber claims filed with Travelers over the past five years. Over the past decade, global reported losses from BEC have exceeded $50 billion.”_  
> , Travelers Q2 2025 Cyber Threat Report (PDF)

**What it means:** When your insurer reviews your risk profile, email-delivered threats are not one category among many, they are the dominant category, generating roughly half of all claims. Any control that measurably reduces BEC probability has a direct, quantifiable impact on your expected claim frequency. DMARC at enforcement prevents domain spoofing, the technique used in the Travelers CFO-impersonation case and the Coalition $9.3M transfer. That is why underwriters are asking about it.

## 3\. How underwriters actually evaluate email authentication

![Underwriter Checklist: 5 Email Security Must-Haves](https://media.mailhop.org/autospf/images/2026/05/spf-validator-7410.jpg) 

The underwriting process for cyber insurance has matured significantly since the soft-market era of 2019-2020\. Today, specific technical controls directly influence premium pricing, coverage availability, and policy terms.

[Gallagher’s 2025 Cyber Insurance Market Conditions Outlook](https://www.ajg.com/-/media/files/gallagher/us/news-and-insights/2025/2025-cyber-insurance-market-conditions-outlook.pdf), from the world’s fourth-largest insurance brokerage, documents that insurers are evaluating organizations’ cybersecurity posture ‘more granularly,’ with **email authentication, MFA, EDR, and backup practices directly influencing premium pricing and coverage availability**. Email authentication is no longer a background control assessed generically under ’email security.’ It is a named, specific factor in the underwriting worksheet.

[The NAIC’s 2024 report](https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/cmte-h-cyber-wg-2024-cyber-ins-report.pdf) confirms the broader dynamic: ‘the result has been an improvement in underwriting processes and improved cybersecurity hygiene.’ Insurers are not just pricing risk passively, they are actively driving security improvements through their requirements. When an underwriter requires DMARC at enforcement as a condition of coverage, they are using the insurance mechanism to **mandate security controls** that [cybersecurity](/blog/8-cybersecurity-trends-that-will-redefine-the-digital-landscape-in-2024/) teams have advocated for years.

[IST’s policy research](https://securityandtechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Enhancing-Cyber-Resilience-Through-Insurance.pdf) maps the three scenarios of how requirements interact with market conditions. In a hard market (high premiums, tight capacity), insurers can ‘outright decline to issue a policy to a business who fails to comply with specific **security baselines** baked into the policy.’ In a soft market (lower premiums, competitive capacity), ‘competition will drive premiums down, making it harder for insurers with more onerous requirements to compete.’ In both scenarios, organizations with strong email authentication benefit: in hard markets they qualify when others don’t, and in soft markets they earn deeper discounts.

### What underwriters look for in email authentication

Based on carrier documentation and brokerage guidance, the specific email authentication controls underwriters evaluate include:

1. **DMARC policy at enforcement.** p=quarantine or p=reject, not p=none. A p=none record tells an underwriter you are monitoring but not protected. It is functionally equivalent to having a burglar alarm that logs intruders but doesn’t trigger an alert.
2. **SPF correctly configured under the 10-lookup ceiling.** SPF PermErrors cascade into DMARC failures. An underwriter running a DNS scan against your domain will see the PermError before you do.
3. **DKIM signing on all sending sources.** [DKIM](/blog/dkim-authentication-a-complete-guide-to-secure-email-deliverability/) provides the authentication backstop that survives forwarding. Without it, DMARC enforcement is fragile.
4. **Aggregate reporting (rua=) configured and monitored.** DMARC without reporting is a control without visibility. Underwriters increasingly ask whether organizations monitor their DMARC reports, not just whether they publish records.
5. **Parked domains protected.** _Every domain your organization owns that doesn’t send email should publish v=spf1 -all and DMARC p=reject_. Unprotected parked domains are exploitable for spoofing and count against your risk profile.

**What it means:** If your organization is approaching a cyber insurance renewal and your **DMARC record** still reads p=none, you are leaving premium savings on the table. More importantly, in a hardening market cycle, you may be leaving coverage availability on the table. The controls underwriters evaluate map precisely to the email authentication stack, and the organizations that deploy them proactively earn better terms than those who deploy reactively after a carrier requires it.

## 4\. The threat data driving underwriter decisions

Underwriters don’t make pricing decisions in a vacuum. They use the same threat landscape data that [CISOs](https://www.fintechfutures.com/job-cuts-new-hires/smbc-americas-names-donna-hart-as-new-ciso) do, and increasingly, they have access to carrier-proprietary claims data that CISOs don’t.

[The World Economic Forum’s Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2025](https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF%5FGlobal%5FCybersecurity%5FOutlook%5F2025.pdf) sets the macro context: **72% of respondents say cyber risks have risen in the past year**, with cyber-enabled fraud, phishing, and social engineering as the top concerns. Two in three organizations report moderate-to-critical cybersecurity skills gaps, and only 14% are confident they have the people and skills required. **GenAI tools** are ‘lowering the cost of phishing and social engineering’, the specific threat that email authentication is designed to counter.

[Cofense’s 2024 Annual State of Email Security Report](https://cofense.com/getmedia/db5a5ad7-b39a-45f5-bab7-eb165b9a0685/2024-cofense-annual-state-of-email-security-report.pdf) documents the email-specific acceleration: a **331% increase in QR code phishing**, a **49% increase in credential phishing over 2022** (which was itself a surge year), and industry-specific [Secure Email Gateway (SEG)](https://www.proofpoint.com/us/threat-reference/email-gateway) miss rates ‘up across the board.’ Finance and healthcare were primary targets, with the report noting that ‘today’s organizations cannot settle for good enough email security.’ Underwriters read this data. It directly informs their risk models.

[IBM’s Cost of a Data Breach Report 2025](https://www.bakerdonelson.com/webfiles/Publications/20250822%5FCost-of-a-Data-Breach-Report-2025.pdf) provides the financial context underwriters use for pricing: **32% of data breaches resulted in regulatory fines** (with 48% exceeding $100,000 and 22% exceeding $250,000). Critically, **organizations with extensive security AI and automation saved an average of $2.22 million per breach** compared to those without, the single largest cost-reduction factor IBM identified. That $2.22 million gap is the actuarial basis for the premium differential between well-defended and poorly-defended policyholders.

![$2.22 Million Average Savings](https://media.mailhop.org/autospf/images/2026/05/spf-flatterning-3977.jpg) 

[Cowbell’s 2025 Claims Report](https://cowbell.insure/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/CB-US-Cyber-Roundup-ClaimsReport2025.pdf) adds the complaint-volume context: the FBI identified **193,000 phishing and spoofing complaints in 2024 alone**, making phishing the most commonly reported cybercrime in the United States. For underwriters, complaint volume is a leading indicator of future claims frequency.

**What it means:** Underwriters are pricing email risk more precisely than ever because the data inputs have improved dramatically. Carrier-proprietary claims data (Coalition, Travelers, Cowbell), government loss data (FBI IC3), and email-security-specific threat intelligence (Cofense) all feed into actuarial models that distinguish between organizations with strong and weak email authentication. The premium differential between p=none and p=reject is widening, and the data driving that widening is getting more granular every renewal cycle.

## 5\. The regulatory and supervisory convergence

The insurance side of email authentication is not just a carrier-by-carrier phenomenon. Insurance regulators and international supervisory bodies are formalizing cyber underwriting standards, and email security controls are embedded in those standards.

[The International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS)](https://www.iais.org/uploads/2022/01/201229-Cyber-Risk-Underwriting%5F-Identified-Challenges-and-Supervisory-Considerations-for-Sustainable-Market-Development.pdf), the global standard-setter for insurance supervision, documents that cyber underwriting faces specific challenges including ‘policyholder reluctance to share information’ and difficulty collecting ‘accurate and complete information.’ The IAIS identifies email-based attacks (phishing, spearphishing, BEC) as key ‘Initial Access’ techniques using the [MITRE ATT&CK framework](https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/mitre-attack), showing that insurance supervisors are using cybersecurity-specific taxonomies to evaluate underwriting practices.

[The IAIS GIMAR 2023 Cyber Special Topic Edition](https://www.iais.org/uploads/2023/04/GIMAR-2023-special-topic-edition-on-cyber.pdf) documents that half of surveyed jurisdictions already collect data on cyber underwriting activities, and most that don’t are planning to start. EU jurisdictions introduced dedicated cyber underwriting data templates under **Solvency II reporting from 2023**, creating regulatory standardization of the data insurers must collect and report on policyholders’ cyber risk profiles.

[The American Academy of Actuaries’ Cyber Risk Task Force](https://actuary.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Toolkit-GlobalCyber-8-25.pdf) published its formal toolkit in August 2025, providing actuarial frameworks for pricing cyber risk. The toolkit reflects the actuarial profession’s formal recognition that email security controls are material to risk pricing, when the profession’s own certifying body publishes pricing guidance, that guidance eventually becomes standard practice.

**What it means:** The regulatory convergence is producing standardized underwriting data requirements that will increasingly include email authentication status as a specific field. Organizations that can demonstrate DMARC at enforcement, clean [SPF](/blog/spf-guide-understanding-sender-policy-framework/), and active DKIM will have a documented advantage in the standardized risk assessments that regulators are requiring insurers to conduct.

## 6\. The CFO’s calculation: authentication as insurance investment

Here is the calculation a [CFO](https://news.siemens.com/en-us/mesut-eken-usa-chief-financial-officer/) should run before the next cyber insurance renewal.

| Line Item                                    | Without Authentication       | With Authentication                      |
| -------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| Cyber insurance premium (typical mid-market) | $50,000, $150,000/year       | 5-15% lower                              |
| BEC claim probability (50% of all claims)    | Baseline risk                | Significantly reduced                    |
| Average FTF loss if BEC succeeds             | $106,000 (64% unrecoverable) | Domain spoofing prevented                |
| Breach cost differential (IBM 2025)          | Baseline                     | $2.22M lower with security AI/automation |
| Annual email authentication cost (typical)   | N/A                          | $5,000, $30,000/year                     |
| First-year ROI (premium savings alone)       | N/A                          | 2x, 5x before breach prevention          |

The math is straightforward. A mid-market enterprise paying $100,000 in annual cyber insurance premium achieves a 5-15% reduction through improved email authentication posture, saving $5,000-$15,000 per year. The cost of deploying SPF flattening, DKIM, and DMARC at enforcement is typically $5,000-$30,000 for the first year including tooling. **The insurance premium savings alone produce a 1-3 year payback period, before the first dollar of breach prevention is counted**.

When you add the breach-prevention [ROI](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/returnoninvestment.asp), IBM’s $2.22 million average savings from security automation, Coalition’s $106,000 average FTF loss averted, the regulatory fine exposure of $100,000+ in 32% of breaches, email authentication becomes one of the highest-returning security investments available. It is the rare control that pays for itself through three independent value streams: premium savings, claim avoidance, and regulatory fine reduction.

## **7\. The action plan: positioning for your next renewal**

![Cyber Insurance Renewal Authentication](https://media.mailhop.org/autospf/images/2026/05/kitterman-spf-5979.jpg) 

The cyber insurance renewal cycle is the natural forcing function for authentication improvements. Here is how to align your authentication roadmap with your insurance timeline.

### 90 days before renewal

1. **Audit your current DMARC posture across every domain.** Run a DNS scan against every domain your organization owns. Document the DMARC policy (none/quarantine/reject), SPF lookup count, DKIM status, and whether rua= reporting is configured. This becomes your ‘before’ baseline.
2. **Compile your DMARC aggregate report data.** If you have rua= configured, export 90 days of aggregate report summaries. This data shows underwriters that you not only publish authentication records but actively monitor them, a distinction that influences risk assessment.
3. **Prepare a summary of authentication improvements made since the last renewal.** Underwriters evaluate trajectory, not just snapshot. If you moved from p=none to p=quarantine, that progression demonstrates risk management discipline.

### 60 days before renewal

1. **Share your authentication posture with your broker.** Brokers like Gallagher, Marsh, Aon, and WTW use authentication data to negotiate better terms. If your broker isn’t asking about DMARC, bring it up, it’s a competitive-advantage control they can use in market submissions.
2. **If you’re at p=none, push to p=quarantine before the renewal date.** _Even a partial progression from p=none to p=quarantine with pct=50 demonstrates active risk management._ p=reject is the target, but any enforcement is better than monitoring-only.
3. **Fix SPF PermErrors.** An underwriter running a **DNS scan** will see your SPF record’s errors immediately. Flatten nested includes, remove orphaned vendor records, and verify the recursive lookup count is under 10.

### At renewal and ongoing

1. **Ask your carrier what authentication controls qualify for premium credit.** Not all carriers document this publicly, but most have internal rubrics that credit MFA, EDR, email authentication, and backup practices. Ask specifically about DMARC enforcement.
2. **Document your authentication stack for the underwriting questionnaire.** Most cyber insurance applications now include specific questions about email authentication. Prepare answers that reference your [DMARC policy](https://dmarcreport.com/blog/what-is-a-dmarc-policy-and-how-does-it-affect-sending-my-emails/), SPF configuration, DKIM key management, and reporting infrastructure.
3. **Set a calendar reminder for 90 days before next renewal to re-audit.** Authentication posture drifts as [SaaS](https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/software-as-a-service) vendors change, employees add services, and configurations evolve. The pre-renewal audit should be an annual discipline, not a one-time project.
![DMARC and the Actuarial Shift in Cyber Insurance Pricing](https://media.mailhop.org/autospf/images/2026/05/kitterman-spf-2970.jpg) 

## 8\. Bottom line: authentication is an insurance investment

The cyber insurance industry has evolved from a generic risk-transfer product into a granular, controls-aware underwriting discipline. Email authentication is no longer an abstract ‘best practice’ that **CISOs advocate and CFOs deprioritize**. It is a named, specific factor in underwriting worksheets at the world’s largest brokerages and carriers.

The numbers from the insurance industry’s own documents tell a clear story. [BEC is approximately 50% of all cyber claims](https://www.corvusinsurance.com/hubfs/Ransomware%5FReports/Q2%5F25%5FTravelers%5FCyber%5FThreat%5FReport.pdf). [The average FTF loss is $106,000 with 64% unrecoverable](https://www.actuarialpost.co.uk/downloads/cat%5F1/Coalition%5F2025-Cyber-Claims-Report.pdf). [Rates declined 5% for organizations with strong security controls](https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2025%5FCybersecurity%5FInsurance%20Report.pdf). [Email authentication is a named premium-influencing factor](https://www.ajg.com/-/media/files/gallagher/us/news-and-insights/2025/2025-cyber-insurance-market-conditions-outlook.pdf). [Security automation saves $2.22 million per breach on average](https://www.bakerdonelson.com/webfiles/Publications/20250822%5FCost-of-a-Data-Breach-Report-2025.pdf). [The cyber protection gap exceeds $0.9 trillion](https://www.genevaassociation.org/sites/default/files/2024-12/cyber%5Fils%5Freport%5F1213.pdf).

Taken together, these data points create an argument that belongs in the CFO’s office, not just the CISO’s. Email authentication is one of the few security investments that generates measurable financial returns through three independent channels: insurance premium reduction, breach-cost avoidance, and **regulatory-fine mitigation.** The investment pays for itself through premium savings alone in 1-3 years. Everything after that, every spoofed email blocked, every BEC attempt prevented, every [phishing attack](https://www.msspalert.com/brief/novel-usps-spoofing-phishing-attack-relies-on-malicious-pdfs) that fails at the authentication layer, is pure return.

**If you take one number into your next budget meeting:** 50%. That is the share of cyber claims at one of **America’s largest insurance carriers** that come from BEC and social engineering, the exact attack category that email authentication at enforcement is designed to prevent. Every dollar you spend on authentication is a dollar your insurer sees on your application. And in 2026, your insurer is paying attention.

# References

Every source is a downloadable PDF from the insurance industry’s own institutions, NAIC regulatory reports, Coalition/Travelers/Cowbell carrier claims data, IAIS international supervisory papers, Geneva Association research, **WEF Global Cybersecurity Outlook**, IBM Cost of a Data Breach, and the American Academy of Actuaries. No web articles or blog posts.

1. NAIC Report on the Cybersecurity Insurance Market 2025 (PDF) <https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/2025%5FCybersecurity%5FInsurance%20Report.pdf>
2. NAIC Cyber Insurance Report 2024 (PDF) <https://content.naic.org/sites/default/files/cmte-h-cyber-wg-2024-cyber-ins-report.pdf>
3. Coalition 2025 Cyber Claims Report (PDF) <https://www.actuarialpost.co.uk/downloads/cat%5F1/Coalition%5F2025-Cyber-Claims-Report.pdf>
4. Travelers Q2 2025 Cyber Threat Report (PDF) <https://www.corvusinsurance.com/hubfs/Ransomware%5FReports/Q2%5F25%5FTravelers%5FCyber%5FThreat%5FReport.pdf>
5. Cowbell 2025 Cyber Claims Report (PDF) <https://cowbell.insure/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/CB-US-Cyber-Roundup-ClaimsReport2025.pdf>
6. IST, Enhancing Cyber Resilience Through Insurance (PDF) <https://securityandtechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Enhancing-Cyber-Resilience-Through-Insurance.pdf>
7. IAIS, Cyber Risk Underwriting Challenges (PDF) <https://www.iais.org/uploads/2022/01/201229-Cyber-Risk-Underwriting%5F-Identified-Challenges-and-Supervisory-Considerations-for-Sustainable-Market-Development.pdf>
8. IAIS GIMAR 2023, Cyber Special Topic (PDF) <https://www.iais.org/uploads/2023/04/GIMAR-2023-special-topic-edition-on-cyber.pdf>
9. Gallagher 2025 Cyber Insurance Market Conditions Outlook (PDF) [https://www.ajg.com/-/media/files/gallagher/us/news-and-insights/20](https://www.ajg.com/-/media/files/gallagher/us/news-and-insights/2025/2025-cyber-insurance-market-conditions-outlook.pdf)[2](https://www.ajg.com/-/media/files/gallagher/us/news-and-insights/2025/2025-cyber-insurance-market-conditions-outlook.pdf)[5/2025-cyber-insurance-market-conditions-outlook.pdf](https://www.ajg.com/-/media/files/gallagher/us/news-and-insights/2025/2025-cyber-insurance-market-conditions-outlook.pdf)
10. WEF Global Cybersecurity Outlook 2025 (PDF) <https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF%5FGlobal%5FCybersecurity%5FOutlook%5F2025.pdf>
11. Cofense 2024 Annual State of Email Security Report (PDF) <https://cofense.com/getmedia/db5a5ad7-b39a-45f5-bab7-eb165b9a0685/2024-cofense-annual-state-of-email-security-report.pdf>
12. HHS, BEC & Healthcare (PDF) <https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/business-email-compromise-healthcare-tlpclear.pdf>
13. Geneva Association, Cyber ILS Report (PDF) <https://www.genevaassociation.org/sites/default/files/2024-12/cyber%5Fils%5Freport%5F1213.pdf>
14. IBM Cost of a Data Breach Report 2025 (PDF) <https://www.bakerdonelson.com/webfiles/Publications/20250822%5FCost-of-a-Data-Breach-Report-2025.pdf>
15. American Academy of Actuaries, Cyber Risk Toolkit (PDF) <https://actuary.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Toolkit-GlobalCyber-8-25.pdf>
16. FBI IC3 2024 Internet Crime Report (PDF) <https://www.ic3.gov/AnnualReport/Reports/2024%5FIC3Report.pdf>

## Topics

[ DKIM ](/tags/dkim/)[ DMARC ](/tags/dmarc/)[ email security ](/tags/email-security/)[ SPF ](/tags/spf/)[ SPF Flattening ](/tags/spf-flattening/)[ SPF record ](/tags/spf-record/) 

![Brad Slavin](https://media.mailhop.org/autospf/images/authors/brad-slavin.jpg) 

[ Brad Slavin ](/authors/brad-slavin/) 

General Manager

Founder and General Manager of DuoCircle. Product strategy and commercial lead for AutoSPF's 2,000+ customer base.

[LinkedIn Profile →](https://www.linkedin.com/in/bradslavin) 

## Ready to get started?

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[ Book a Demo ](/book-a-demo/) 

## Related Articles

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```
